According to Gefen and Straub (2005), “discriminant validity is shown when each measurement item correlates weakly with another construct excepts for the ones to which it is theoretically associated”. In cross-loadings, the researcher examines the various items to identify those that have high loadings on the same construct and those that load highly on multiple […]
Because constructs are measured indirectly, it is recommended that you have at least three items/indicators/questions measuring each of them. For example, in the data used for this post, university faculty members were asked about their perceived quality of information in Wikipedia using the following five different questions. QU1: Articles in Wikipedia are reliable QU2: Articles […]
The table below presents two different tests: the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity. KMO KMO is a test conducted to examine the strength of the partial correlation (how the factors explain each other) between the variables. When we talk about communalities, we are interested in the amount of original […]
In Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the researcher has no prior intention of confirming the existence of any existing relationship prior to the analysis of the data, but instead, the researcher allows the various techniques, methods, procedures and rules to reveal the relationship in the data. EFA is indeed the opposite of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) […]
