In most works of literature, survey has been defined as the collection of facts and figures to gain insight about a specific subject, hence quantitative in nature. Survey can also be qualitative especially when they are used to collect qualitative data. For example, when a researcher collects data from respondents using an open-ended questionnaire, they […]
Imagine this, you (as a researcher) have been tasked by a large marketing company in your country to find the average income of all their customers to help them formulate new marketing strategies to enrich consumer preference and interests. The right way of doing this is to collect data on all their income and then […]
In exploratory factor analysis (EFA) , a scree plot is a plot of eigenvalues of factors arranged in descending order of magnitude from the left to the right side of the plot. The idea is to find out the number of factors that can be retained by identifying the point of inflexion (where the curve […]
The table below presents two different tests: the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity. KMO is a test conducted to examine the strength of the partial correlation (how the factors explain each other) between the variables. KMO values closer to 1.0 are consider ideal while values less than 0.5 are […]
Let’s assume from the scenario illustrated here, that the average income of all the customers is $1,300/month. Given that this amount is calculated from the sample drawn from the population, it is called a Statistic or Sample Statistic.
Let’s assume from the scenario illustrated here, that the average income of all the customers is $1,300/month. Given that this amount is calculated from the sample drawn from the population, it is called a Statistic or Sample Statistic. If you follow the assumptions rightly, then we can generalize this result to the whole population, thus […]
Hypothesis are claims about observations that can either be accurate or inaccurate. For example, the statement: the average weight of Americans studying at Harvard is 45kg. This statement can either be true or false. We can only test this hypothesis by recording the weight of each and every American student studying at Harvard and then […]
Let’s assume from the scenario illustrated here, that the average income of all the customers is $1,300/month. Given that this amount is calculated from the sample drawn from the population, it is called a Statistic or Sample Statistic.
Since a construct/latent variable is measured with multiple items, it is important to find the average of these items particularly when one wishes to conduct a multiple linear regression or maybe look out for the correlation between constructs. For our study, we shall learn how to find the average of the construct Perceived Quality of […]
In Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), the researcher has no prior intention of confirming the existence of any existing relationship prior to the analysis of the data, but instead, the researcher allows the various techniques, methods, procedures and rules to reveal the relationship in the data.
In the steps that follow, I will show you how to determine the reliability of each construct and that of the research model using Cronbach alpha (α). Don’t know what reliability means? Click here. Click Analyze → Scale → Reliability Analysis. You should be presented with the window below. Let’s investigate the reliability of each […]
Outliers or extreme value are numbers or values in a dataset that is often too big or too small when compared to the others. For example, suppose we want to determine the average monthly income of 15 employees in an organization with the expectation that the average income will be 1,000 USD. But we noticed […]
Before reading this post, we assume the reader has at least a basic understanding of discriminant validity as explained here. The Fronell-Larcker criterion is one of the most popular techniques used to check the discriminant validity of measurements models. According to this criterion, the square root of the average variance extracted by a construct must […]
Exogenous variables are also known as predictors/independent variables. They are those variables that cause changes in other variables (endogenous variable). Changes that occur in the exogenous variables are as a result of respondents’ demographical characteristics and hence cannot be explained by the model. Endogenous variables, on the other hand, are synonymous with the outcome/dependent variables. […]
